The cause of urinary stones in dogs is that stones formed in dogs' bladder stimulate and damage the urinary tract mucosa and cause obstruction of the urethra. According to the location where the stone exists, it can be divided into bladder stones and urethral stones.

1. Causes of kyria stones:

1. The drinking water of dogs decreases and the concentration of salt increases, which promotes the precipitation of crystal substances.

2. Vitiligo A deficiency and estrogen excess promote the fall of epithelial cells to form the core of the stone.

3. Urinary tract infection.

4. Metabolic abnormalities can cause cystine stones.

5. Changes in pH in urine. Phosphate and carbonate are prone to precipitation in alkaline urine, while in neutral or acidic urine, urate, oxalate and cystine are generally prone to precipitation.

6. The incidence rate of dogs mainly based on pure meat is high.

2. Key points for diagnosis of kyria stones:

a), bladder stones:

1. Difficulty in urination, hematuria, frequent urination, but only a small amount of urine is excreted at each time.

2. Bladder palpation, multiple stones can be felt rubbing against each other or hard bladder stones can be palpated. When cystitis occurs, it can be reflected by urinary analysis. Abnormalities include increased white blood cells, red blood cells, and protein, often increased pH, and a large amount of bacteria in the urine.

b), Urethral stones:

1. It is a complication of bladder stones. Frequent urine, but only a small amount of hematuria is excreted or completely anuric.

2. Animals are restless, uncomfortable walking, and painful, and the bladder palpation is severely painful in the bladder. Long-term urinary occlusion can cause uremia.

3. It shows depression, vomiting, and odor of ammonia in the exhaled air, dehydration, increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine content, the bladder is extremely swelling, and its elasticity is severely lost, which may lead to bladder rupture.

4. X-ray photography is very diagnostic for urinary system diseases caused by stones.

III. Preventive measures for katy urinary stones:

1. Dog bladder stones have shown clinical symptoms, and surgical incision of the bladder should be considered to remove the stones.

2. For urethral stones, urethra retrograde rinses can be performed, and the catheter is inserted into the dog's urethra. Then, while compressing the urethra at the edge of the pelvic, an equal amount of mixture of normal saline and liquid paraffin is injected inward. When the urethral pressure increases, quickly release and withdraw the catheter, and can be repeated several times.

3. If the retrograde flushing is not successful, perform urethral incision as soon as possible to remove the urethral stones of the dog.